Topic 2
Challenges to Elizabeth at home and abroad, 1569–88

What is this topic about?

This topic looks at the threats that Elizabeth faced from 1569 to 1588, including the plots that were linked to Mary, Queen of Scots, and how Walsingham’s spy network helped stop them. Mary’s execution removed the main danger at home but made the relationship with Spain worse. It also explains why Philip II, who was angered by English support for the Netherlands and attacks on his treasure ships, launched the Spanish Armada in 1588.

Do I need to know anything before we start?

This topic builds on what you learned in Topic 1, especially why many Catholics disagreed with Protestantism and with Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement. It also helps to understand the background to Elizabeth’s difficult relationship with Philip II of Spain. Together, these ideas help explain why the challenges of this period grew so serious.